The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II. Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, (1882-1967), who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping.
Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond and were called the Richmond Shipyards. Together, these four Kaiser Shipyards produced 747 ships, including many of the famous Liberty ships and Victory shipsâ€â€"‌ for carrying general cargo and military munitions, armaments and supplies, more than any other complex in the United States. Only one of these ships, the SS Red Oak Victory, survives. Two other Liberty ships built in other American yards also exist as working museum exhibits - the SS Jeremiah O'Brien moored in San Francisco and the SS John W. Brown in Baltimore. An additional Victory cargo ship also survives - the SS Lane Victory. Kaiser also produced the Casablanca-class escort aircraft carriers.
Three other shipyards were located across the Columbia River from each other at Ryan Point in Vancouver, Washington and in the St. Johns area of Portland, Oregon as part of the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation group, and at Swan Island in Portland.
A total of 18 wartime shipyards were established by Kaiser on all three American coasts. Additional construction shipyards were located on the East Coast along the Atlantic Ocean, notably Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland, and the Gulf of Mexico southern coast.
Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of ship building, which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships, 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction. Kaiser's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards. Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks, and one in less than five days.
Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war. The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25, 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Point Richmond.
History
Henry Kaiser had been building cargo ships for the Maritime Commission in the 1930s, partnering with Todd Pacific Shipyards and the Bath Iron Works. When orders for ships from the British government, already at war with Germany, allowed for growth, Kaiser established his first Richmond shipyard begun in December 1940.
In April 1941 the Maritime Commission requested an additional Kaiser yard, to be used for Liberty ship construction, and after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kaiser started third and fourth yards, building troop transports and tank landing ships (LSTs), respectively. His son, Edgar Kaiser, Sr was appointed Vice-President and General Manager of the shipyards.
Other details
- Kaiser set several records:
- The Liberty ship SS Robert E. Peary was assembled in less than five days as a part of a special competition among shipyards.
- At the Oregon Shipbuilding Yard on the Columbia River, near Portland, the Victory ship SS Joseph N. Teal was built in ten days in fall 1942.
- The Oregon Shipbuilding Yards were responsible for 455 ships.
- Kaiser recruited from across the United States to work in his yards, hiring women and minorities.
- Fields Point in Providence, Rhode Island, had a shipyard temporarily run by Kaiser-Walsh when the former management ran into difficulties. The shipyard was closed and sold after the war to a Swedish shipowner who dismantled the shipyard and later erected it in the city of Uddevalla on the west coast of Sweden.
See also
- Kaiser Permanente, an HMO founded by Henry J. Kaiser
- Marinship
- Shipyard Railway, which transported workers to the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, California
- Vanport, Oregon
References
- Johnson, Marilynn S. (1993). The Second Gold Rush. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBNÂ 0-520-08191-9.Â
- Lee, Warren F.; Lee, Catherine T. (2000). A selective history of the Codornices-University Village, the city of Albany & environs : with special attention given to the Richmond Shipyard Railway and the Albany Hill and shoreline. Albuquerque, NM: Belvidere Delaware Railroad Co. Enterprises. ISBN 0-9675646-0-3.Â
External links
- History.com Archived October 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
- Kaiser Vancouver (WA) & Portland (OR) Yards
- NPS article on Bay Area shipbuilding
- Oregon History ProjectArchived October 29, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
- Rosie the Riveter Trust
- A guide to the Permanente Metals Corporation photograph album, 1941-1945
