The Renault Fluence Z.E. is an electric version of the Renault Fluence compact sedan, part of the Renault Z.E. program of battery electric vehicles. It was unveiled by Renault at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Fluence Z.E. is outfitted with a 22 kWh lithium-ion battery which allows a total all-electric range of 185Â km (115Â mi) measured on the NEDC combined cycle, with speeds up to 135Â km/h (84Â mph).
The Fluence Z.E. was the first electric car enabled with battery swapping technology and deployed within the Better Place network in Israel and Denmark in 2012. A total of 948 Fluence Z.E. cars were deployed in Israel and around 400 units sold in Denmark through May 2013, when Better Place filed for bankruptcy. Since 2011 a total of 3,935 units have been sold worldwide through October 2014.
The Fluence Z.E., called SM3 ZE in South Korea, is the most numerous electric car of the South Korean car parc, with 1,604 SM3 ZE sold till December 2015. Approximately 6,000 Renault Fluence Z.E. have been sold between 2011 and 2015.
Specifications
The lithium-ion battery has a capacity of 22 kWh and weighs 250Â kg (551Â lb).
The Fluence Z.E. is 13Â cm (5.1Â in) longer than the internal combustion model to accommodate the battery behind the rear seats. The planned Renault battery plant near Paris that will supply batteries for the vehicle was delayed due to technical constraints. Construction will start in the second quarter of 2012 and production of batteries is expected to be delayed to 2014 or 2015. Instead, Renault will have to buy batteries from a joint venture between Nissan Motor and NEC, and from LG Chem of South Korea.
There are several ways to charge the battery:
- using 10A 220V-240V household mains power from a standard electrical outlet in 10â€"12 hours
- using 16A with a 3 kW public charge spot or specifically installed home charging spot in 6â€"9 hours
- the battery uses a "QuickDrop" system that allows it to be quickly switched for a charged battery at a dedicated battery exchange facility.
The Fluence Z.E. uses a synchronous electric motor with rotor coil, weighing 160 kg (350 lb). Its peak power is 70 kW (94 hp) at 11,000rpm, while maximum torque is 226 N·m (167 lbf·ft).
The Fluences uses a PRND gate selector as well as providing a small amount of creep in 'D' to emulate the behaviour of traditional internal combustion engine equipped automatic transmission cars.
Safety
Better Place battery swap
Better Place and Renault announced the Fluence Z.E. was the first modern electric car with a swappable battery available on the Better Place electric vehicle network with (QuickDrop) battery swapping technology. Battery switching or swapping is a technology that enables the driver to swap a depleted battery with a fully charged one by going through a battery switch station. In a demonstration with electric taxi cabs run in Tokyo until the end of 2010, the trial battery switch station allowed drivers to exchange their car's depleted battery pack for a 100 miles (160Â km) fully recharged one in 59.1 seconds on average. In August 2010 Better Place announced a non-binding order of 100,000 Renault Fluence ZE and four months later Better Place claimed to have sold 70,000 cars from that order, a year away from the public launch of the Better Place network.
Better Place customers needed only to drive up to the entrance of a battery switch station to start the switch process. The Oscar in-car navigation system uses a WiFi connection to communicate with the station's computers and an RFID tag on the windscreen of the subscriber's car identifies it. The barrier opens and the customer drives up to a mark. The dashboard screen and external monitors then give instructions to select Neutral and turn off the ignition. The remaining process is fully automated, similar to going through a car wash, so the driver never has to leave the car. In just a few minutes, a robot beneath the car removes the depleted battery and replaces it with a full one. Once complete, instruction is given to restart the car and an exit barrier lifts.
After implementing the first modern commercial deployment of the battery swapping model in Israel and Denmark, Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel in May 2013. The company's financial difficulties were caused by the high investment required to develop the charging and swapping infrastructure, about US$850 million in private capital, and a market penetration significantly lower than originally predicted by Shai Agassi.Less than 1,000 Fluence Z.E.s were deployed in Israel and around 400 units in Denmark through May 2013.
Markets
The Fluence Z.E. is available in several European countries and also was sold in Israel through the Better Place network. Since retail sales began in 2011, a total of 3,935 units have been sold worldwide through October 2014. of which, 2,384 units were registered in Europe through October 2014. and around 1,000 units were sold in Israel through May 2013.
Australia
Unveiled at the 2011 Australian International Motor Show in Melbourne, the Fluence Z.E. was scheduled to be sold by mid-2012, once the roll out of Better Place's battery swap network had begun, initiating in Canberra. In 2011 GE pledged to purchase at least 1,000 of the vehicles in Australia, which would contribute to their goal of purchasing 25,000 electric vehicles globally by 2015. In December 2012, Renault announced that the launch of the Fluence Z.E. was postponed indefinitely following delays with the roll out of Australia’s electric vehicle infrastructure. The electric car was scheduled to go on sale to the public from a number of dealers across the country in the fourth quarter of 2012. Better Place explained that delays in the deployments in Israel and Denmark reflected in the Australian roll out, which would take place between 12 and 18 months behind the other markets. However, Better Place filed for bankruptcy in May 2013.
Denmark
The Fluence Z.E. was sold in Denmark at a price of 205,000 DKK (€27,496 or US$38,378) including VAT plus the monthly fee for the switchable-battery. Consumers also paid a one-time fee of 9,995 DKK (€1,341) for a private charging station and Better Place offered a choice of five fixed-price switchable-baLL ttery packages based on kilometers driven per year. For more than 40,000 km (25,000 mi) a year the monthly fee was 2,995 DKK (€399) per month.
The first Better Place battery switch station in Denmark, out of 20 planned to be deployed across the country until March 2012, was unveiled in June 2011 at Gladsaxe, near Copenhagen. As of December 2012 there were 17 battery switch stations fully operational in the country. Sales through Better Place began in late 2011, and 198 units were sold in Denmark through December 2012. Cumulative sales through April 2013 reached 234 units. However, Better Place reported between 400 and 500 customers by the time the company filed for bankruptcy in May 2013. Renault announced it will continue to provide service for the Fluence Z.E. in Denmark.
Estonia
In Estonia, Fluence Z.E was originally part of the ELMO program, but has been removed, no reason was given, but it may relate to the lack of availability of the car in Estonia.
France
In France prices start from €26,300 before the applicable €5,000 government incentive that is available for purchases through 2012. The monthly fee for the switchable-battery service start from €82 including VAT. Since 2010, a total of 727 Fluence Z.E.s have been registered in France through October 2014.
Israel
Orders for the Renault Fluence ZE began in July 2011 starting at NIS 123,000 (€24.580, US$35,114), a price slightly higher than gasoline-powered car of similar size. Better Place offered five service packages in Israel. The service plans were priced according to annual mileage and also include installation and maintenance of a home recharging station, free access to Better Place’s battery replacement stations, battery availability, a computerized driver support system, navigation aids, and roadside service. The cheapest monthly package was NIS 1,090 (€218, US$311) for up to 20,000 km (12,000 mi) a year, and the more expensive was NIS 1,599 (€320 /US$456) for less than 30,000 km (19,000 mi) a year. These prices included VAT. There was also a special plan that includes the cost of the Fluence Z.E. and a 3-year unlimited-mileage package (up to 25,000 km (16,000 mi) a year) for a total of NIS 157,500 (€31,775, US$45,000).
The first Fluence Z.E. production models were delivered in Israel in January 2012, and nearly 100 units allocated among the Better Place employees. Retail customer deliveries began in the second quarter of 2012. As of December 2012, a total of 518 cars were sold in the country. Sales during the first months of 2013 improved with a total 422 units were sold, bringing the total to 940 units. After Better Place filed for bankruptcy in May 2013, the court liquidator will have to decide what to do with customers who do not have ownership of the battery and risk being left with a useless car. Under Better Place's business model, the company owns the Fluence Z.E. batteries. Shortly thereafter, Renault announced it will continue to provide service for the Fluence Z.E. in Israel. The liquidator will also have to decide about the future of the swap stations.
South Korea
The Fluence Z.E. is sold in South Korea as the SM3 Z.E. under the Renault Samsung Motors badge. The SM3 Z.E. was unveiled at the 2011 Seoul Motor Show, and entered into series production at the Busan factory during October 2013. The company set a production target of about 4,000 units per year and it is partly financed by the South Korean Government. In 2013, its second year in the market and the first of South Korean assembly, the SM3 Z.E. led electric vehicle sales in the country, capturing a 58% market share of the segment and 453 cars sold that year. The company attributed this to its AC-3 charger, its greater autonomy compared to rivals and a better warranty for the battery.
United Kingdom
The Fluence Z.E. was released in the United Kingdom in the Spring of 2012 though was withdrawn from sale in 2014. The batteries required a mandatory lease which according to Renault, was the UK's most affordable electric car. By not having to purchase the battery - a value in excess of GB£7,000 - any issues with the battery over dead cells or depleted range issues are dealt with by an immediate exchange at no additional cost to the owner.
Turkey
Renault Fluence Z.E is released in Turkey at the end of 2011. The first users will be major municipalities and some other governmental institutions such as Ministry of Industry. Public release is expected to take place on May 2012. All the dealers are recently under infrastructure upgrade that is being held by energy partners of Renault in Turkey.
Sales
See also
- Elect'road plug-in hybrid van
- Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
- List of electric cars currently available
- List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
- List of production battery electric vehicles
- Plug-in electric vehicle
- Renault Kangoo Express Z.E.
- Renault Twizy
- Renault Zoe
- Zero-emissions vehicle
References
External links
- Renault Fluence Z.E., Zoe, Kangoo Van and Twizy pre-reservations website
- Renault Fluence Z.E. presentation and specifications
- Renault Fluence QuickDrop Demonstration Video